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Andersson, H. och Pedersen, S. (2015) Modelling of heat recovery in LKAB's grate-kiln process. Göteborg : Chalmers University of Technology
BibTeX
@mastersthesis{
Andersson2015,
author={Andersson, Hanna and Pedersen, Simon},
title={Modelling of heat recovery in LKAB's grate-kiln process},
abstract={This master thesis uses process modelling to investigate energy efficiency measures
in the grate-kiln process for iron ore production; specifically, how waste heat contained
in flue gas could be recirculated in order to achieve a decrease in specific
fuel consumption. Consequently, fossil carbon emissions would be reduced as the
grate-kiln units are fired with coal or oil.
The implementation of flue gas recirculation is simulated with a process model in
EBSILON Professional 10.0. Process concepts which make use of available waste
heat are developed and their impact on fuel usage, pellet temperature profiles and the
magnetite oxidation process is evaluated. Aside from partial flue gas recirculation,
a heat recovery concept is investigated. Both concepts are applied to decrease the
fuel consumption by increasing the temperature and oxidation on the grate and to
recover heat at a high temperature. To minimize the effect of recirculation and heat
recovery on the pellet heat treatment process, concepts that use intercooling before
the grate are also evaluated.
The implementation of heat recovery affects the performance of the pellet cooler.
The cooler’s operation is studied in detail with a cooler model developed in MATLAB.
The cooler model is evaluated, and a sensitivity analysis is made to determine
which parameters have a crucial impact on the pellet cooling.
The results indicate that waste heat utilization can reduce the fuel consumption by
up to 30% if a heat exchanger is used. It was revealed that increased temperature
into the cooler’s hottest section elevates the temperature levels on the grate, which
lowers the fuel usage. Direct flue gas recirculation lowers the oxygen content in the
air passing the kiln and grate, which has a negative impact on the oxidation process
and the overall heat balance.
The cooler model showed that to maintain adequate pellet cooling, the mass flow
through cooler zones C3 and C4 should be increased by 70 %, or the area of the
C3 and C4 sections should be increased by 40% when heat recovery is used. The
direct flue gas recirculation concepts requires a 40% and 25% increase for the two
measures, respectively.
The thesis recommends three process designs, based on indirect heat recovery from
the flue gases.},
publisher={Institutionen för energi och miljö, Energiteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola},
place={Göteborg},
year={2015},
keywords={Iron ore pellets, Grate-kiln process, Flue gas recirculation,Waste heat},
note={38},
}
RefWorks
RT Generic
SR Electronic
ID 220184
A1 Andersson, Hanna
A1 Pedersen, Simon
T1 Modelling of heat recovery in LKAB's grate-kiln process
YR 2015
AB This master thesis uses process modelling to investigate energy efficiency measures
in the grate-kiln process for iron ore production; specifically, how waste heat contained
in flue gas could be recirculated in order to achieve a decrease in specific
fuel consumption. Consequently, fossil carbon emissions would be reduced as the
grate-kiln units are fired with coal or oil.
The implementation of flue gas recirculation is simulated with a process model in
EBSILON Professional 10.0. Process concepts which make use of available waste
heat are developed and their impact on fuel usage, pellet temperature profiles and the
magnetite oxidation process is evaluated. Aside from partial flue gas recirculation,
a heat recovery concept is investigated. Both concepts are applied to decrease the
fuel consumption by increasing the temperature and oxidation on the grate and to
recover heat at a high temperature. To minimize the effect of recirculation and heat
recovery on the pellet heat treatment process, concepts that use intercooling before
the grate are also evaluated.
The implementation of heat recovery affects the performance of the pellet cooler.
The cooler’s operation is studied in detail with a cooler model developed in MATLAB.
The cooler model is evaluated, and a sensitivity analysis is made to determine
which parameters have a crucial impact on the pellet cooling.
The results indicate that waste heat utilization can reduce the fuel consumption by
up to 30% if a heat exchanger is used. It was revealed that increased temperature
into the cooler’s hottest section elevates the temperature levels on the grate, which
lowers the fuel usage. Direct flue gas recirculation lowers the oxygen content in the
air passing the kiln and grate, which has a negative impact on the oxidation process
and the overall heat balance.
The cooler model showed that to maintain adequate pellet cooling, the mass flow
through cooler zones C3 and C4 should be increased by 70 %, or the area of the
C3 and C4 sections should be increased by 40% when heat recovery is used. The
direct flue gas recirculation concepts requires a 40% and 25% increase for the two
measures, respectively.
The thesis recommends three process designs, based on indirect heat recovery from
the flue gases.
PB Institutionen för energi och miljö, Energiteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola,PB Institutionen för energi och miljö, Energiteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola,
LA eng
LK http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/220184/220184.pdf
OL 30
